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MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE  ON CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE  ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS  (AFET)

Hide-and-seek along Europe’s borders: As migrants keep fleeing inhumane situations to seek refuge in the EU, borders crossing increased by 70% in 2021. In light of the European Commission’s New Pact on Migration and Asylum, how can the EU provide better migration policies by effective solidarity and deepening international partnerships while keeping in mind the concerns of its Member States?

Submitted by: Pleun van Eijk (NL), Ensar Esen (NL), Benthe Jade Hauzendorfer (NL), Elodie Kho (NL), Parmis Mohajeri (NL), Chloé Post (NL), Sara Swaneen (NL), Luying Wang (NL), Fenna Winter (NL), Micaela Lai (Chairperson, IT)

The European Youth Parliament,

1. Concerned by the lack of cooperation and trust between Member States regarding migration, resulting in unequally shared responsibilities and difficulties in forming an EU-wide, sustainable migration management system,
2. Observing the lack of coordination, monitoring and evaluation of migration and coherent integration in all Member States,
3. Recognising the physiological detriments resulting from civil unrest, violent situations, abuse and strained living conditions associated with seeking refuge,
4. Regretting the lack of safe routes for refugees, who are forced to undergo irregular and dangerous journeys including long-distance walks and a severe risk of human trafficking,
5. Concerned with the lack of resources in refugee camps and asylum centres across Member States, including:
   1. lack of funding to establish new centres in times of increasing need,
   2. existing facilities having to host up to 6-7 times the number of refugees they were designed for, 
6. Deeply disturbed by the blatant violations of basic human rights known to have taken place in refugee camps,
7. Noting with concern that refugee border crossings within the EU have increased by 70% in 2020 compared with 2019,
8. Further noting with concern the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and safety of refugees as well as the decreased capacity for asylum application approvals,
9. Noting with deep concern that some Member States, such as Hungary, are not respecting the EU’s rules, policies and values on asylum and migration,
10. Bearing in mind the slow and complex asylum application procedures common to the EU, refugees can not legally enter a European country on short notice and may resort to unlawful entry instead,
11. Considering the recent nonconformity of Turkey with regard to a 2016 refugee deal, ¹The EU-Turkey joint action plan reflects the common understanding between the EU and Turkey and establishes an approach to the influx of specifically Syrian refugees entering the EU from turkey in a joint venture. whose aim was to create cooperation with Greece by splitting  leading to the redirection of a large group of asylum seekers to Greece;

1. Appeals to all Member States to jointly work towards efficient long-term migration policies in cooperation with the countries of origin of the refugees;
2. Asks the European Commission to incite a better common understanding of the current situation in refugee camps and at borders through the use of information campaigns wherein refugees may share their past experiences;
3. Calls upon the European Commission to provide funding for integration support programmes in refugee camps with the aid of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and NGOs involved in similar activities;
4. Requests the United Nations Refugee Agency to establish guidelines on the protection of the physical and psychological health through regular visits and hygiene rules;
5. Suggests creating a solidarity mechanism based on an annual assessment of the amount of political and monetary contributions and aid offered by each Member State;  
6. Requests the European Commission to amend the EU Recovery Plan to incorporate guidelines on healthcare and education services in refugee camps;
7. Authorises the European Commission to fund the training of volunteers for the asylum application process in overcrowded refugee camps;
8. Urges the European External Action Service to remind Turkey to more strictly adhere to the 2016 refugee deal using diplomatic action;
9. Recommends the European Commission to involve European Humanitarian Admission Programmes in migration infrastructure to safely and efficiently relocate refugees between Member States. 

MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE  ON HUMAN RIGHTS (DROI)

Flying under the radar: The use of armed drones for targeted killings, especially outside formal war zones, remains contentious while the EU has an opportunity to play an important role in setting international standards on the use of armed drones. How can the EU address the ongoing concerns over armed drones, particularly regarding the lack of transparency, accountability and potential human rights violations?

Submitted by: David Cvetkovski (NL), Janou Gregorowitsch (NL), Gabrielle Groeneveld (NL), Anna Jansen op de Haar (NL), Jason der Kinderen (NL), Lieveke Schoordijk (NL), Marieke de Weerd (NL), Sinéad de Visser (NL), Hana Vicherková (Chairperson, CZ)

The European Youth Parliament,

1. Fully aware of the inevitable continuous utilisation of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) such as the Future Combat Air System ¹  The Future Combat Air System (FCAS) is a core initiative of the Macron Administration for both defence modernization and building out defence cooperation with its core Airbus allies, Germany and Spain. in the future of warfare,
2. Deeply concerned by the lack of concrete legislation resulting in the appearance of loopholes, creating the possibility of accountability avoidance regarding the use of UCAVs,
3. Alarmed by the changed psychological phenomena as a result of the utilisation of UCAVs such as the dehumanisation of military operations,
4. Acknowledging the number of military personnel deployed in active combat zones harmed by the negative effects of war often resulting in mental health issues, physical injuries or even death,
5. Deeply regretting the lack of a common stance of the Member States pertaining to the use of UCAVs for targeted killings during warfare,
6. Recognising the hazards specific to the use of UCAV technology, such as technical malfunction or miscalculation of projectile trajectories,
7. Emphasising the importance of the fundamental values of the European Union as mentioned in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), ² Article 2 of TEU states the values of the EU such as the respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, the rule of law and respect of human rights.
8. Observing the lack of accountability Member States currently have for actions in warfare, illustrated by instances such as:
   1. the past condemnation by the EU of targeted UCAV attacks in Israel,
   2. conscious killing of civilians as a result of military strategies that allow such an occurrence as a compromise,
9. Noting with regret the lack of transparency in relation to:
   1. registration and licensing of unmanned aerial vehicles capable of carrying payloads,
   2. the estimated amount of civilian deaths caused by UCAVs,
   3. the GPS coordinates of UCAVs moving outside of combat zones;

1. Calls upon the European Commission to create a structured framework on weaponry used in combat with a particular focus on UCAVs so as to prevent loopholes found in previous signed treaties;
2. Advises the European Commision to allocate funding towards non-governmental organisations (NGOs) providing humanitarian aid for civilian victims residing in areas affected by the use of UCAVs;
3. Appeals to Member States’ Ministries of Defence to introduce an extensive military training programme for UCAV operators consisting of:
   1. additional psychological testing ensuring the mental capabilities of personnel,
   2. an explanatory course deeply focusing on the moral consequences of the usage of UCAVs in warfare;
4. Encourages Member States to recognise the positive aspects of UCAV usage such as the reduced need for troops in active combat;
5. Supports discussions between Member States in order to work towards a unified strategy of UCAV implementation;
6. Suggests the European Commission to allocate funding to departments responsible for  regular technical inspections of UCAVs focusing on defect prevention stemming from:
   1. inconsistent application of new technologies across models and makes,
   2. software or hardware malfunctions;
7. Calls upon the European Council to strictly sanction the failure to adhere to the general EU ideal to retain democratic values, human rights and rule of law as mentioned in Article 2 of TEU regardless of the type of combat means implemented during warfare;
8. Invites peace-keeping NGOs to conduct independent impartial investigations with the intention of:
   1. preventing vagueness regarding the engagement of UCAVs during military operations,
   2. analysing the justification of collateral damage in the form of civilian casualties for  separate instances;
9. Calls upon the European Commission to devise a legislative proposal to encourage transparency pertaining to the use of UCAVs by:
   1. making the reporting of the list of newly purchased and already possessed armed drones similar to the existing public nuclear weaponry list as well as the number of civilian casualties during targeted killings,
   2. demanding clear information from Member States on the movement of UCAVs passing through airspaces of Member States in a confidential manner with the affected Member States’ governments.